The current account of Romania's balance of payments posted a deficit of EUR 30.127 billion in January-December 2025, compared with EUR 28.853 billion in the same period of 2024, the National Bank of Romania (BNR) said in a press release.
In its structure, the goods balance recorded a smaller deficit by EUR 637 million, while the services balance posted a larger surplus by EUR 369 million. The primary income balance showed a wider deficit by EUR 1.861 billion, and the secondary income balance recorded a smaller surplus by EUR 419 million.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) by non-residents in Romania totalled EUR 8.153 billion (compared with EUR 5.602 billion in January-December 2024), of which equity investments (including estimated reinvested earnings) amounted to a net EUR 6.185 billion, while intra-group loans recorded a net value of EUR 1.968 billion.
In January-December 2025, total external debt increased by EUR 23.837 billion, reaching EUR 227.347 billion. Of this, long-term external debt amounted to EUR 179.431 billion as at 31 December 2025 (78.9% of total external debt), up by 14.8% compared with 31 December 2024.
Short-term external debt stood at EUR 47.916 billion as at 31 December 2025 (21.1% of total external debt), up by 1.6% compared with 31 December 2024.
The long-term external debt service ratio was 17.2% in January-December 2025, compared with 21.5% in 2024. The import cover of goods and services as at 31 December 2025 stood at 6.0 months, compared with 5.7 months at 31 December 2024.
The coverage of short-term external debt, calculated at residual maturity, with the National Bank of Romania's foreign exchange reserves as at 31 December 2025 was 104.8%, compared with 103.6% at 31 December 2024.
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